Navigation and Propulsion

GPS Modules, Magnetometers, Barometers, Propellers, Navigation Lights, Telemetry Modules, and other related tech. 

These help drones determine their position, orientation, and path:

• Purpose: Real-time location tracking, auto-return, waypoint navigation.
   
• Examples:
   
  • u-blox Neo-M8N GPS
     
  • DJI GNSS modules
     

• Purpose: Measure acceleration, angular rate (pitch, roll, yaw).
   
• Includes: Accelerometer + Gyroscope + sometimes Magnetometer
   

• Purpose: Heading reference, helps with orientation when GPS is limited.
   

• Purpose: Altitude estimation, used for altitude hold.
   

• Purpose: Obstacle detection, terrain following, height estimation.
   

• Purpose: Stabilize hover and position without GPS (especially indoors).
   

• Purpose: Centimeter-level accuracy, useful for mapping & surveying.
   

These support the mechanical thrust and mobility of drones:

• Purpose: Drive propellers, more efficient and durable than brushed motors.
   
• Note: KV rating indicates RPM per volt (higher KV = faster rotation).
   

• Purpose: Regulate the power to motors based on flight controller input.
   

• Types: Two-blade, three-blade, carbon fiber, plastic.
   
• Considerations: Size, pitch, material, balance.
   

• Purpose: Secure motors, absorb vibration.
   

• Purpose: Distribute power from the battery to ESCs and other components.
   

• Common Types: LiPo (Lithium Polymer), Li-Ion.
   
• Accessories: Voltage sensors, smart battery monitors, balance chargers.
   

• Purpose: Prevent overheating of motors and ESCs during extended flights.
   

• Purpose: Central brain that controls all inputs/outputs for navigation & propulsion.
   
• Popular Examples: Pixhawk, Betaflight, DJI Naza
   

• Purpose: Communicate data (position, speed, battery, etc.) to the ground station.
   

• Purpose: Orientation assistance, visual signaling.